Vomiting is one of the most unpleasant symptoms we have to endure when we become ill with certain diseases. Although it is most commonly caused by gastroenteritis (sometimes referred to as “stomach flu”), people also experience vomiting during pregnancy, after taking certain medications, during cancer treatments, when they have migraines, and for several other reasons.
Let’s take a look at what happens in our body when we vomit. Why does it happen, and what can we do to feel better?
What causes vomiting?
When we become ill with a condition that leads to vomiting, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract is usually inflamed and irritated. When you attempt to eat or drink, you further irritate that lining, resulting in the expulsion of contents from the stomach. Sometimes the irritation is so severe or the reflex is so sensitive that vomiting continues even after the stomach is empty. You may vomit bile or simply have what is known as “dry heaves.”
Vomiting can also be caused by problems with the brain, such as concussion/head injury, brain tumor, migraine or infection, or issues with the inner ear, such as dizziness or motion sickness. In these cases, vomiting occurs without irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
In adults and older children, the most common cause of vomiting is viral gastroenteritis.
What to do if vomiting occurs?
If you are dealing with vomiting – whether it’s yourself or someone you care for – there are some things to know about how to manage it. While vomiting is just a symptom of an underlying condition and not a disease itself, the actions you take when experiencing vomiting can impact the speed of your recovery and the intensity of the vomiting.
This article will guide you step by step and provide instructions on what to do when you or the person you’re caring for is vomiting. It can also help you understand when you’re in a situation that requires seeking medical assistance.
One of the most important lessons you’ll learn – something that many people mistakenly do without realizing how harmful it can be – is to avoid eating or drinking immediately after vomiting. It may be tempting to at least take a sip of something after vomiting because you have an unpleasant taste in your mouth and want to avoid dehydration, but eating or drinking right after vomiting often leads to further vomiting. When the stomach is empty, it needs time to rest and relax before introducing anything else into it. Wait at least 15 minutes before attempting to eat or drink after vomiting.
Opinions are divided on whether strictly adhering to the BRAT diet helps with vomiting and/or diarrhea. Generally, allowing the stomach to rest and consuming mild, starchy foods for one or two days after vomiting (or during recovery) won’t harm you. These foods are gentle on the stomach and less irritating to the gastrointestinal system. If you’re unable to eat the foods recommended in the BRAT diet, talk to your doctor about alternatives.
When to seek medical help if vomiting occurs?
Sometimes, vomiting is so severe that it cannot be managed at home or is caused by a serious condition that requires medical care. Determining if one of these situations applies to you can be difficult. If you are vomiting multiple times a day for more than approximately 24 hours, it is a good idea to consult a doctor.
You should also seek medical help if you are vomiting blood or if the vomit appears like coffee grounds. If you have a severe headache, neck stiffness, or neck pain along with vomiting, seek immediate medical attention.
If you are unsure about what to do, always reach out to medical professionals for advice.
