What is immobilization?
Immobilization is the process of fixing or limiting the movement of an injured body part to stabilize the injury and prevent further damage or worsening of the condition. This technique is applied in medical treatment to reduce pain, prevent loss of functionality, and stimulate the natural tissue regeneration process.
Immobilization can involve the application of a cast, orthoses (such as orthopedic braces and shoes), or other devices that restrict movement. Depending on the injury, immobilization can be short-term or long-term.
The main role of immobilization is to stabilize the injured part of the body to prevent further displacement, which can cause additional damage. Immobilization also helps reduce pain, swelling and inflammation, providing support to the injured area and facilitating the healing process.
It is important to note that immobilization is administered in combination with other therapeutic procedures, such as analgesics, physical therapy, or surgical procedures, depending on the type and severity of the injury.
In what situations should immobilization be applied?
The application of immobilization is individual and depends on the type and severity of the injury, and applied in different medical situations, including:
- Bone injuries: Immobilization is commonly used to stabilize bone fractures and prevent further shifting and damage. This may involve the application of a cast, orthoses, or other devices to immobilize the injured body part.
- Joint injuries: In cases of joint injuries such as sprains, strains, or dislocations,
immobilization can be beneficial in reducing pain, swelling, and preventing
further damage. Orthotic braces or wraps can be applied to stabilize the joints. - Traumatic spinal injuries: In case of spinal injury, immobilization can be applied using special stretchers or splints to prevent further spinal displacement and possible nerve injury.
- After surgery: Immobilization is often used after surgery, especially on bones and joints, to allow proper healing and prevent displacement or damage during the recovery period.
- Soft tissue injuries: In some cases, soft tissue injuries, such as ligament or tendon ruptures, may be useful to immobilize the injured area to allow the healing process and reduce stress on injured tissues.
What are the non-operative methods for treating foot and joints problems?
Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss in excess weight, proper nutrition, adequate
footwear, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms, can be helpful in relieving problems with the foot and joints. In most cases, problems with the foot and joints are first treated with conservative methods. This may include the use of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy can be useful for strengthening muscles and tendons, improving range of motion and restoring joint functionality. The therapist can use various techniques, such as massage, joint mobilization, stretching and strengthening exercises, as well as electrotherapy.
In some cases, the doctor may recommend injections that are given directly into the
affected joint or soft tissue. The use of orthoses, such as insoles, orthopedic shoes,
boots or corsets, can provide support, stability and correction of the position of the feet and joints. These aids are tailored individually to the patient's needs and can help reduce pain and improve functionality.
When is immobilization applied?
Immobilization can be used as part of conservative treatment for joint and foot pain and can be applied in the treatment of joint injuries and arthritis symptoms to reduce pain, inflammation, and further damage. Joint and foot pain are most commonly caused by injuries, inflammation, or post-operative conditions.
- In the case of acute joint injuries such as sprains, ligament strains, or minor
fractures, immobilization can be beneficial in stabilizing the joint and reducing
further strain. The use of orthotics, elastic bandages, or boots can provide joint
stability, reduce mobility, and facilitate injury healing. - Immobilization may be part of therapy for inflammatory joint diseases, such as arthritis. Restricting movement can reduce inflammation, pain and joint damage. In some cases, the use of orthoses, corsets, orthopedic shoes, crutches or walkers can help relieve the joint and reduce the load.
- After surgical procedures on the joints or foot, immobilization is often used to
allow proper healing of tissues and prevent unwanted movement. This may include the administration of cast, orthoses or other devices as recommended by a doctor.
What are the forms of immobilization?
There are various forms of immobilization that can be applied, and some of them
include casts, orthoses, sleeves, bandages, collars, and mobility aids.
Cast
Plaster immobilization is the process of fixing and stabilizing the injured part of the body using a plaster cast. Plaster is used to immobilize broken bones, joint injuries or other conditions that require restriction of movement.
First, the skin is cleaned and, if necessary, protected with a soft material to prevent
irritation or pressure. The plaster is shaped into the appropriate size and shape
corresponding to the injury. The plaster can be moistened with water to become
flexible, and then placed around the injured area.
The plaster gradually hardens when exposed to air until it dries and becomes solid. This process typically takes several hours. Additional adjustments are then made to ensure comfort and proper alignment. Doctor or medical personnel usually verifies the adequacy of immobilization and provides instructions on care and follow-up.
The plaster cast usually remains in place for several weeks or months, depending on the severity of the injury and the healing process. During that time, the patient should avoid weight-bearing and excessive movements on the injured part to allow for proper healing. It is also important to monitor for signs of infection, swelling, or other abnormalities and to regularly visit the doctor.
Clavicle braces
Clavicle braces are special devices used to provide support and stabilization to the clavicle (collarbone) and surrounding joints. The clavicle is a long bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder blade.
When there is an injury to the clavicle, such as fractures or sprains, a clavicle brace can be beneficial in immobilizing and stabilizing the area to allow for proper healing and prevent further damage. After clavicle surgery, a brace may be used as part of the rehabilitation process. It provides support and stability while the bone recovers and strengthens.
Clavicle braces are special devices used to provide support and stabilization to the clavicle (collarbone) and surrounding joints. The clavicle is a long bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder blade.
When there is an injury to the clavicle, such as fractures or sprains, a clavicle brace can be beneficial in immobilizing and stabilizing the area to allow for proper healing and prevent further damage. After clavicle surgery, a brace may be used as part of the rehabilitation process. It provides support and stability while the bone recovers and strengthens.
Posture correction braces
Posture correction braces are special devices used to provide support and improve body alignment to correct poor posture. These braces are often used for issues such as kyphotic posture (rounded back), lordotic posture (excessive lower back curve), or scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine).
Posture correction braces typically consist of soft or rigid materials that are placed around specific parts of the body to provide support, alignment, and encourage proper posture. They may include straps, braces, corsets, or belts that are positioned around the spine, chest, shoulders, and pelvis.
The goal of posture correction braces is to establish proper spinal alignment, support the muscular system, and encourage correct body posture. They can help reduce pain, alleviate muscle tension, prevent further deterioration of poor posture, and promote proper bone and muscle development in children.
Regular assessment and monitoring by the medical team are crucial to track progress and adjust the therapy as needed.
Sleeves and straps
Immobilization with sleeves and straps can be applied in various situations such as bone fractures, sprains, strains, tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, or after surgical procedures.
It refers to the use of special devices that restrict movements and stabilize the arms or specific parts of the arm for the treatment of injuries or conditions that require immobilization. These devices are used to prevent further damage, enable healing, or provide support during rehabilitation.
Immobilization sleeves are typically made of rigid materials such as plaster, plastic, or metal and are used to immobilize the entire arm or a specific portion of the arm. They are shaped and customized to the patient to provide the necessary stability and restrict movements. Immobilization sleeves are often used for bone fractures, severe joint injuries, or after surgical procedures.
Immobilization straps are commonly used to stabilize and restrict movements in a specific part of the arm or joints. They are often elastic and can be wrapped around the arm, wrist, or fingers for support, compression, and immobilization. Straps are frequently used for sprains, strains, or other minor injuries to the arm or fingers.
It is important to perform immobilization correctly and follow the instructions of healthcare professionals to achieve the best results.
Mobility aids
Mobility aids are specialized devices or accessories that are used to facilitate the movement of persons with reduced mobility. These aids aim to improve independence, provide support when walking or moving, maintain balance and reduce the load on the body. Some of the most common types of mobility aids include:
- Walkers are stable aids with handles that are used to support walking. They can be conventional walkers, four-point walkers or wheeled walkers.
- Crutches are auxiliary tools used to support walking. There are different types of crutches, including standard crutches, forearm crutches and crutches with a forearm support.
- Wheelchairs are wheeled seats that allow people with limited mobility to move. They can be manually pushed or electric.
- Electric scooters are battery-powered vehicles that allow people with limited mobility to move over longer distances. They have a seat, steering wheel and wheels.
- Auxiliary handrails and holders are used to stabilize and support when getting out of bed, chair or toilet. They can be attached to walls or freestanding.
- Lifting platforms and stair ramps are used to ensure safe bridging of stairs or levels in rooms for people with reduced mobility or wheelchairs.
- Orthopedic shoes and insoles: Orthopedic shoes and insoles are used to support the foot and stability when walking. They can be used for certain conditions such as foot deformities, arthritis or postoperative recovery.
Bandages
Bandage immobilization refers to the application of bandages or wrapping to fix and stabilize the injured part of the body, restricting movement, providing support or reduce load strain in that area. Bandages are used to treat minor injuries to muscles, joints, tendon, or ligament injuries, as well as to support during the healing process.
The injured area is first examined and prepared for bandaging. The skin may be cleansed or protected with soft gauze or padding to prevent irritation. The bandage is selected in an appropriate width and length, depending on the injury and the body part that needs immobilization. The bandage is applied correctly to provide adequate support and stability. There are different bandaging techniques used depending on the injury and the goal of immobilization. This may involve spiral bandaging, crisscross bandaging, or specific bandaging techniques for certain body parts. Once the bandage is applied, adjustments are made to achieve optimal support and comfort. The bandage is typically secured using fasteners, Velcro straps, or clips to keep it in place.
It is important for the bandage to be applied properly by a medical professional or a person trained to do so. Improperly applied bandages can cause discomfort, reduce circulation, or fail to provide the necessary stability.
Neck braces (cervical collars) for immobilization
Neck braces for immobilization are orthopedic devices used to stabilize and restrict movement of the neck. These braces are applied in situations where there is suspected injury to the cervical spine, neck muscles, or ligaments, or after neck surgery.
Neck braces for immobilization provide support to the cervical spine and prevent unwanted movements that can cause further damage. They are used to reduce pain, stabilize the injured area, facilitate healing, and protect against further injuries.
There are different types of neck braces for immobilization, and the choice depends on the severity of the injury and the specific needs of the patient. Some typical types of neck braces for immobilization include:
Hard collar: Made of rigid material such as plastic or metal, it provides firm support and immobilization of the neck. It is typically used for more severe cervical spine injuries or after surgery.
Soft collar: Made of softer material such as foam or fabric, it provides slightly less immobilization and can be used for milder injuries or as part of a gradual removal of immobilization.
Mixed collar: This type of collar combines both rigid and soft support. It has a firm front or back panel that provides stability, while the lateral sides are made of softer material for comfort.
Orthopedic braces
Orthopedic braces are devices used to immobilize and stabilize a specific part of the body to prevent movement or reduce load. These braces are applied in situations of injury, joint instability, postoperative recovery, or other conditions that require immobilization.
Orthopedic braces are used to provide support, reduce pain, protect against further injuries, and aid in the healing process. They are commonly used to immobilize joints such as the knee, elbow, ankle, wrist, or shoulder. Braces can be elastic, rigid, adjustable, or specially designed for specific body parts.
Braces are selected based on the specific injury, condition, or patient’s needs. It is important to choose a brace that fits the size and shape of the body, provides adequate support, and allows for the necessary immobilization. Braces are properly positioned according to the manufacturer’s instructions or the guidance of a medical professional. It is important for the brace to be correctly aligned and adjusted to provide optimal support and stability. Braces often have straps, Velcro closures, or buckles for adjustment and fastening.
These are used to customize the brace to the patient’s needs and ensure secure and comfortable fixation. Patients should follow the expert’s instructions regarding the duration of brace wear and regularly maintain the brace’s hygiene according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Additionally, any changes in condition or symptoms should be monitored, and if any adverse effects occur, it is advisable to consult with a medical professional.
What are the effects and benefits of immobilization?
Patients can feel the benefits of immobilization relatively quickly after administration. Some of the key effects and benefits of immobilization are stabilization, pain reduction, proper healing and prevention of additional injuries.
- Immobilization helps stabilize damaged parts of the body, such as joints, bones or muscles. Limiting movement reduces the possibility of additional injuries, helps maintain proper alignment and prevents further damage to the injured area.
- Immobilization can reduce pain by providing support and reducing pressure on the damaged area. Limiting movement reduces tension on muscles, ligaments and other structures that are the source of pain.
- Immobilization allows the injured part of the body to rest and heal properly. Limiting movement reduces stress on damaged tissues and facilitates the healing process, allowing for faster recovery.
- Immobilization prevents unwanted movements that could cause additional injury or damage. This is especially important in injuries to the joints, bones or spine, where movements could lead to greater damage.
- Immobilization helps maintain the integrity of body structures, such as joints, tendons and ligaments. Restriction of movement prevents excessive stretching or deformation of these structures, allowing them to recover and strengthen.
When to consult a doctor regarding the application of immobilization?
Regarding the application of immobilization for foot and joint problems, it is recommended to consult a doctor in the following situations:
- If you have pain that increases or does not pass despite conservative methods of treatment, such as rest, ice, or analgesics, because it may indicate a more serious injury or condition that requires further evaluation and perhaps the application of immobilization.
- If you notice that your mobility in the foot or joints is significantly reduced and that you cannot perform daily activities normally.
- If you notice significant swelling, redness, or heat in the area of the feet or joints, this may indicate an inflammatory process or injury, so immobilization may be needed to reduce inflammation and speed up the healing process.
- In the event of an acute injury, such as fractures, twists, or dislocations, you should immediately consult a doctor or go to the emergency room. They will assess the severity of the injury and recommend adequate immobilization to stabilize the injured area.
- If you already have a diagnosis or are treating a particular condition, and the symptoms deteriorate sharply, as it may indicate a complication or inadequate treatment, where immobilization may be one of the options to control the symptoms and promote healing.
What are the risks and side effects of immobilization?
The risks and side effects of immobilization are individual and depend on the type of immobilization, the duration of immobilization, the general state of health of the patient and other factors.
Prolonged immobilization can lead to a decrease in muscle strength and muscle atrophy. Muscle inactivity during immobilization can lead to loss of muscle mass and strength, which can make it difficult to recover and rehabilitate after removal of immobilization. Then it can lead to a decrease in the volume of movement in the affected area. Prolonged immobility or immobilization of joints can lead to muscle shortening, contractures and limitations of mobility.
Blood flow can decrease and cause circulatory problems. Increased pressure on certain areas, such as compression of blood vessels, can lead to reduced blood supply, swelling, the formation of blood clots or ulcers. It can also have negative psychological effects, such as depression, anxiety, and loss of independence. A person may feel powerless, constrained in their daily activities, and socially isolated.
Why is professional help important?
It is important to consult a doctor or physiotherapist to get the correct assessment and recommendations for immobilization. A professional medical team will be able to recommend the appropriate type of immobilization, duration of application and rehabilitation procedures that should be carried out in parallel. Immobilization can be part of an overall treatment plan that may include medication, physical therapy, exercise, and other therapeutic methods.
